Mary Kelly—renowned feminist and conceptual artist—is known for project-based work that deals with questions of sexuality, identity, and historical memory in the form of large-scale narrative installations. She examines how the collective experiences of trauma and violence shape and are shaped by memory and language. Kelly has played an outsized role in art history, profoundly impacting contemporary art and cultural politics. Combining the imperatives of conceptual art with feminist politics, her working strategies address the relationships between the personal and the political.
In 1968, at the peak of the student movements in Europe, she moved to London, England, to study at St. Martinʼs School of Art. There, she began her long-term critique of conceptualism, informed by the feminist theory of the early womenʼs movement in which she was actively involved throughout the 1970s. During this time, she worked on Nightcleaners (1970-75); Women & Work, a document on the division of labor in industry; and her iconic work on the mother/child relationship, Post-Partum Document (1973-79). Comprising 135 objects in six sections, Post-Partum Document is now considered one of the most important works of conceptual art to have been produced in the twentieth century. Other significant works include Interim (1984-89), Gloria Patri (1992), Mea Culpa (1999), Love Songs (2005-07), the Circa Trilogy (2004-16), and Addendum (2000-present).
Interim marked a progressive step in Kelly’s conceptual, feminist practice. A project in four parts (Corpus, Pecunia, Potestas, and Historia), the exhibition explored the space between the social construction of women and how they experience themselves in relationship to ideas about femininity found in fashion, medicine, fantasy/fiction, the family, and media. In 2022 at Vielmetter Los Angeles, Kelly exhibited all thirty panels of Corpus (1984-85), the first time the complete installation was exhibited since 1990’s New Museum exhibition. Interim Part I: Corpus features five groups of three pairs of panels that mimic the scale of advertising images in bus kiosks. Each pair contains one panel, a photo laminate depicting an evocative item from Kelly’s wardrobe (a leather bucket bag, leather jacket, silk dress, lace up boots, and a lacy nightie) and a second panel of silkscreened block text of confessional-style prose conveying women’s mid-life experiences. Each successive text becomes more absurd, resisting a literal psychological reading. Seen from the perspective of 2022, Corpus is vital not just as a metonym for the heady and human debates of second-wave feminism in the 1980s downtown New York art scene, but also because the questions at its core could not be more timely: How do we know who we are? How is our subjectivity—what we believe ourselves to be—constituted in and by the social order? And who is doing the constituting?
Also known for her conceptually laden use of materials, Kelly has more recently experimented with compressed dryer lint to create image and text-based works. The first of these, The Ballad of Kastriot Rexhepi (2001), combined Kelly’s ongoing interest in the acquisition and role of language in identity with a consideration of its impact on assumptions about national or ethnic differences. Rendered in lint, this story of a child’s oscillating national identity through language and shifting borders is translated into a material that conjures domestic labor, care-taking work, and transforms it into a medium of high cultural significance.
Circa Trilogy, Kelly’s 2016 exhibition at Vielmetter Los Angeles, included a trio of three large works in compressed lint: Circa 1968 (2004), Circa 1940 (2015), and Circa 2011 (2016). In each work, Kelly appropriated and reinterpreted an iconic archival image through the lens of generational memory. The images that Kelly selected are synecdochical; while they represent certain moments of The Blitz, the student uprisings of 68, and the Arab Spring, they encapsulate the wider historical narratives of these major events both in their ubiquity and the way their specific aesthetics communicate the image environment of the time. Kelly’s concept of history as a lived relation to the past is concerned with materializing effect as much as fact, and her working process is intensely durational. Individual units of compressed lint are cast in the filter screen of a domestic dryer over several months and hundreds of washing cycles; then assembled as large panels of low relief.
Premiering at the 2024 Whitney Biennial, Kelly’s Lacunae (2023, and part of the larger project titled Addendum) is the first part of a new project about the experience of late life. In a series of collages, Lacunae combines a decade of Kelly’s personal and work calendars from 2012 through 2021 with drawings in ash on vellum. Her age juxtaposed with those of the deceased suggests an imaginary countdown, replayed as the gaps accumulate and the activity of real time fades. The work evokes the incremental sense of loss that shapes the subjectivity of late life, but is often unacknowledged, or naturalized as the “normal course of things,” and remains outside of representation, unlike the experiences of loss during the Aids epidemic or the Covid pandemic, which have found forms of expression in a broader cultural context.
Mary Kelly was born in 1941 in Fort Dodge, Iowa, and lives and works in Los Angeles. Her studies include St Martin’s School of Art, London, a Postgraduate Certificate in Painting (1968-70); Pius XII Institute, Florence, Italy, MA in Studio Art and Art History (1963-65); and a BA in Art, with minor in Music from College of Saint Teresa, Winona, Minnesota (1963).
Kelly’s work has been the subject of major exhibitions at ICA, London (1976 and 1993); Museum of Modern Art, Oxford (1977); Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge (1986); New Museum of Contemporary Art, NY (1990); Vancouver Art Gallery (1991); Generali Foundation, Vienna (1998); Santa Monica Museum of Art (2001); Center for Contemporary Art, Ujazdowski Castle, Warsaw (2008); Moderna Museet, Stockholm (2010); Whitworth, Manchester (2011). Kelly was represented in the 1991 and 2004 Whitney Biennials, Whitney Museum, NY; Documenta 12, Kassel, 2007 and 2008 Biennale of Sydney. In 2015, she was awarded the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship.
Solo exhibitions include Mary Kelly: To Witness the Future at the Art Gallery of Guelph, Ontario, having travelled from Georgetown University’s De La Cruz Art Gallery (2022); Vielmetter, Los Angeles, CA (2022); Weatherspoon Art Museum, Greensboro, NC (2019), MoMA PS1, NY (2019-20); Whitney Museum of American Art, NY (2018-19); Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge (2018); Tate St Ives, Cornwall (2018); Pallant House Gallery, Chichester (2018); Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (2018) and Tate Britain, London (2013-14). In 2019 Kelly produced a site-specific installation Peace is the Only Shelter, for Desert X Biennale, Coachella Valley.
Kelly’s work is included in numerous public collections, including Tate, London; The Museum of Modern Art, NY; Centre Pompidou, Paris; Whitney Museum of American Art, NY; Hammer Museum, Los Angeles; Moderna Museet, Stockholm; MOCA, Los Angeles; Arts Council England; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; The New Museum of Contemporary Art, NY; the Victoria and Albert Museum, London and many others. In 2017, Kelly’s archive was acquired by the Getty Research Institute. In February 2020, The Museum of Modern Art, NY, announced its acquisition of Kelly’s Post-Partum Document: Documentation IV, Transitional Objects, Diary and Diagram (prototype), 1976/2015.
- 1968-1970
- 1963-1965
- 1959-1963
Selected Solo and Two Person Exhibitions
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- 2018
- 2017
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- 2014
- 2012
- 2011
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- 1970
Selected Group Exhibitions
- 2024
- 2023
- 2023-2025
- 2023
- 2022-2023
- 2022
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- 2019-2020
- 2019
- 2018
- 2018-2019
- 2018
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- 2014
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- 2012
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Bibliography
- 2024
- 2023
- 2022
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- 2011
- 2007
- 1999
- 1994
Group Exhibition Catalogues and Books
- 2024
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- 1992
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Awards, Grants and Fellowships
- 2024
- 2018
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- 2015
- 2012
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- 1998
- 1987
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- 1973
Public Collections